AI Policy

AI tools cannot be listed as authors.

Authors remain responsible for all submitted content and should disclose material AI-assisted writing, analysis, image generation, or data processing where relevant.

Routine spelling, grammar, formatting, and language-polishing support does not normally require detailed disclosure unless it materially changes the scholarly content, analysis, interpretation, images, data, or conclusions.

Authors must not use AI tools to fabricate data, create false citations, misrepresent images, obscure plagiarism, or present generated content as evidence.

Reviewers and editors must not upload confidential manuscripts or review material to public AI systems. Any approved tool must protect confidentiality and be consistent with editorial responsibilities.